庫達海馬－鼠長的窩

中文名 : 庫達海馬

科號科名 : F295　Syngnathidae

科別 : 海龍科

命名者 : Bleeker, 1852　
　
學名 : Hippocampus kuda

同種異名 :Hippocamphus kuda, Hippocampus aterrimus,
Hippocampus chinensis, Hippocampus hilonis,
Hippocampus horai, Hippocampus kuda multiannularis,
Hippocampus melanospilos, Hippocampus moluccensis,
Hippocampus novaehebudorum, Hippocampus polytaenia,
Hippocampus raji, Hippocampus rhynchomacer,
Hippocampus taeniops, Hippocampus taeniopterus,
Hippocampus tristis　

俗名 : 海馬。　
　
最大體長 30 cm　

台灣分布 : 西部、南部、北部、東北部、澎湖、小琉球

海龍科魚類 :
全世界分2亞科，分別為海龍亞科（Syngnathinae）及海馬亞科（Hippocampinae）
共52屬，約196種（Nelson, 20064），臺灣紀錄2亞科18屬36種（Shen et al.,
1993；臺灣魚類資料庫, 2006）。
而海馬則在台灣地區約有五種。

形態特徵 :
頭部與軀幹部幾成直角，無鱗，由一系列的骨環所組成；頂冠低中等高，不具尖銳
之棘，僅具較低之粗糙稜脊；體部各稜脊上之結節發育不完全，僅有小圓突。吻部
略短，胸鰭鰭條數15-18。體色多樣，包括淡粉紅、黃色、綠色、灰褐或深褐色等；
體側有時雜有黑色斑駁或黑斑。

棲所生態 :
主要棲息於具海藻床的礁石區或潟湖區，棲息深度可達68公尺，以小型浮游動物為食。

料理或用途:
小型魚類，為潛水或網具捕獲，除學術研究及水族觀賞外，不具食用價值，但大量被
做成中藥之藥材。
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國外海馬種類約略為40種:
Hippocampus abdominalis Big Belly seahorse
Hippocampus aimei Freshwater seahorse
Hippocampus algiricus West African seahorse
Hippocampus angustus Western Australian seahorse or Narrow-bellied seahorse
Hippocampus antiquorum --
Hippocampus barbouri Barbour's seahorse
Hippocampus bargibanti Bargibant's seahorse or Pygmy seahorse
Hippocampus borboniensis R徼nion seahorse
Hippocampus breviceps Short-snouted seahorse or Short-head seahorse
Hippocampus brevirostris Short-snouted seahorse or Short-nosed seahorse
Hippocampus camelopardalis Giraffe seahorse
Hippocampus capensis Spinach pipefish or Knysna seahorse
Hippocampus comes Tiger tail seahorse
Hippocampus coronatus Japanese seahorse or Red and Black seahorse
Hippocampus dahli Synonym for Hippocampus planifrons
Hippocampus erectus Atlantic Lined seahorse or Northern seahorse
Hippocampus fisheri Fisher's seahorse
Hippocampus fuscus Black seahorse or Sea pony
Hippocampus guttulatus Long-snouted seahorse
Hippocampus heptagonus Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus hilonis Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus hippocampus Short-snouted seahorse
Hippocampus histrix Yellow seahorse or Thorny seahorse
Hippocampus hudsonius Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus hunsonius hudsonius Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus hunsonius punctulatus Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus ingens Pacific seahorse or California seahorse
Hippocampus jayakari Jayakar's seahorse
Hippocampus kelloggi Great seahorse
Hippocampus kuda Oceanic seahorse or Kellogg's seahorse or Common seahorse or Yellow seahorse or Spotted seahorse
Hippocampus laevicaudatus Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus lenis Synonym for Hippocampus planifrons
Hippocampus lichtensteinii Lichtenstein's Seahorse
Hippocampus melanospilos Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus minotaur Bullneck seahorse
Hippocampus mohnikei Japanese seahorse
Hippocampus moluccensis Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus novae-hollandiae Synonym for Hippocampus whitei
Hippocampus obtusus --
Hippocampus planifrons Dahl's seahorse
Hippocampus polytaenia Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus punctulatus Synonym for Hippocampus erectus
Hippocampus ramulosus Mediterranean seahorse
Hippocampus regulus --
Hippocampus reidi Brazillian seahorse
Hippocampus rhynchomacer Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus sindonis Dhiho's seahorse
Hippocampus spinosissimus Hedgehog seahorse
Hippocampus subelongatus West Australian seahorse
Hippocampus taeniopterus Synonym for Hippocampus kuda
Hippocampus takakurae Tanaka Threespot seahorse
Hippocampus trimaculatus Longnose seahorse
Hippocampus tristis Sad seahorse
Hippocampus whitei Crowned seahorse or Sydney seahorse or New Holland seahorse or White's seahorse
Hippocampus zosterae Dwarf seahorse